TABLE OF EQUATIONS

Chapter 3: Understanding Hostile Use and Cyber-Vulnerabilities of UAS: Components, Autonomy vs. Automation, Sensors, SAA, SCADA and Cyber Attack Taxonomy  

Eq. 3-1 Qualitative Information Systems Risk as a Function of Threats, Vulnerabilities, Impact, and Countermeasures
Eq. 3-2 Qualitative Information Systems Risk as a Function of Threats and Countermeasures at State = 0

Chapter 14: Exposing UAS Vulnerabilities via Electronic Warfare (EW) and Countering with Low Probability Intercept Signals (LPI)

Eq. 14-1 Formula for communication J/S
Eq. 14-2 Simplified J/S communications
Eq. 14-3 Amount of jammer power output required
Eq. 14-4 Radar Range Equation

Chapter 17: High – Altitude Platforms (HAPS) – A Promise not Reached

Eq. 17-1 Received signal power, CRX, f (P_EIRP x g_AR / LFS )
Eq. 17-2 Available noise power N, as a f (k x Ts x B)
Eq. 17-3 Receiving antenna noise temperature, T as a f (T_AR + Te)
Eq. 17-4 Calculate C/N = P_EIRP x g _AR / k x Ts x B x L_FS
Eq. 17-5 (C/N) _dB = P_EIRP – Ls – A_R + (G /Ts) _dB – 10 log (kB) [decibel form]
Eq. 17-6 The energy per bit is given by: Eb = C x Tb
Eq. 17-7 Rearranging: (C/N) = Eb /Tb / N₀ x B = Eb x R / N₀ x B
Eq. 17-8 Correcting for the energy / bit factor: Eb / N₀ = P_EIRP x g_AR / k x Ts x R x L_FS
Eq. 17-9 Carrier -to – noise spectral density ratio (C/N₀) equation
Eq. 17-10 Converting Eq.17-9 to Eb / N₀  is: (C/ N₀) _dB = (Eb / N₀) _dB + 10 log (R) and
Eq. 17-11 Uplink equation: (C/ N₀) _dB, _UL = P_EIRP, _ES – L_FS, _UL – A_R + (G /Ts) _dB, _HAPS, _fom, / k   – k_dB – R _{dB, UL}
Eq. 17-12 Downlink equation: (C/ N₀) _{dB, DL} = P_EIRP, _HAPS – L_{FS, DL} – A_R + (G /Ts) _{dB, ES, fom}, / k   – k_dB – R _{dB, DL}

Chapter 19: Audiology, Acoustic Countermeasures against Swarms and Building IFF Libraries

Eq. 19-1 General decibel formula in terms of power level (PL)
Eq. 19-2 General decibel formula in terms of power level (IL)
Eq. 19-3 General decibel formula for sound pressure level (SPL) with the corresponding values of pressure squared because (I ≈ p2).
Eq. 19-4 Convenient form of Eq. 19-3 recognizes that log x² = 2 log x. So, SPL = 20 log p / p_o.
Eq. 19-5 Formula for the string’s resonant frequency Fo
Eq. 19-6 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) & Sound Amplitude- derives the attack distance, d
Eq. 19-7 SPL as a f (SPL_ref  –  20 log (d / dref ))