Table of Equations

SECTION 1: CYBER-HUMAN SYSTEMS (CHS)

  1. The Technological Future – Merging with Machines [Toebes] √
  2. CHS Sensors and the Law (Lonstein) √
  3. Artificial Brains and Body (Mumm) √
  4. Future of Robotics and AI in Space Operations (Hood) √
  5. The Reality of Cyborgs and the Look of the Future (Johnson) √

5-1 Risk = Threats X Vulnerabilities X Impacts / Countermeasures

5-2 Risk = Threats / Countermeasures

 

6.  Machines Hacking Machines – Turing’s Legacy (C. Carter) √

7.  Management Challenges for Mixed Human-Machine Teams (Ryan)  √

8.  NeuroStrike – The Cyber, Cognitive, Nanotech and Electronic Gateway to Mindfully impaired Metaverse (McCreight) √

 

SECTION 2: SPACE THREATS

 

9.  Biological Threats and Growth in Space (Sincavage) √

10.  Space Electronic Warfare (Nichols) √

10-1 Kepler’s Third Law

10-2 The Elevation From The Nadir And Range To A Threat From A Satellite Can Be

10-3 Formula For Received Power To The Receiver

10-4 One-Way Link Equation Gives The Received Power PR In Terms Of The Other Link Components (In Decibel Units).

10-5 One-Way Link Equation Gives The Received Power PR In Terms Of The Other Link Components, In Linear (Non-Decibel Units),

10-6 Power Received By The Satellite Payload Receiver In The Presence Of A Hostile Transmitter

10-7 Power Received By The Ground-Based Receiver Or Hostile Receiver

10-8 Jammed Link Equation

10-9 The Jamming-To-Signal Ratio (J/S)

10-10 Intercept Link Equation

11.  Space Systems Modelling and Simulation (Diebold) √

12.  Deep Space Warfare and Space Dominance (Nichols) √

12-1 Force Due to Gravity, Between Two Masses (M1 X M2 ), Which are a Distance R Apart

 

SECTION 3: SPACE WARFARE, HYPERSONICS, & MATERIALS

 

13.  Progress in Hypersonic Missiles and Space Defense (Slofer) √

13-1 Velocity of sound in Knots

13-2 G-force based on changes in objects speed

13-3 Drag force acting on an object

14.  The Rise of Cyber Threats in Space – Future of Cyberwar (Farcot) √

15.  Strategy and Economics of Space Missions (Jackson & Joseph) √

15-1 Ideal Gaussian laser beam

15-2 Integral of irradiance with respect to time

15-3 Maximum exposure is at the centre of the incident beam

15-4 The maximum cure depth Cd can now be determined at Zmax

15-5 The cured line width, Lw:

15-6 Cure depth is increased the cured line width increases by the square root of the cured depth

15-7 Substituting for Emax and solving for Vs

16.  The Quantum Future of Space Warfare (Drew) √

17.  Wireless Power for Space Applications (Khan) √

 

APPENDIX A dB MATH AND PLANE / SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY PRIMER

 

A-1 To Convert To Decibel Form (base 10 log)

A-2 A reverse way of looking at the process or converting back to a nonlogarithmic form

A-3 The Law of Sines

A-4 The Law of Cosines for Sides

A-5 The Law of Cosines for Angles

A-6 The Law of Sines for Spherical Triangle

A-7 The Law of Cosines for Sides

A-8  Law of Cosines for Angles

A-9 sin a = tan b cotan B

A-10 cos A = cotan c tan b

A-11 cos c = cos a cos b

A-12 sin a = sin A sin c

 

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Cyber-Human Systems, Space Technologies, and Threats Copyright © 2023 by Nichols, R. K.; Carter, C.M., Diebold, C., Drew, J. , Farcot, M., Hood, J.P, Jackson, M.J., Johnson, P., Joseph, S., Khan, S., Lonstein, W.D., McCreight, R., Muehlfelder, T., Mumm, H.C., Ryan, J.C.H., Sincavage, S. M., Slofer, W., & Toebes, J. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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